March+22nd

World War II ppt
 * M March 22 || Debate: US Involvement/ Pearl Harbor || Read 738- 743 ||
 * T March 23 || Pearl Harbor || Read 743- 756 ||
 * W March 24 || Two Front War || Read 756- 764 ||
 * H March 25 || On the Homefront || [|Article] ||
 * F March 26 || [|Decisions to Drop the Bomb] || Study for Test ||

US Foreign Policy Before the War

[|Voices of Pearl Harbor] [|American and the Holocaust] [|Atomic Bomb Decision] [|World War II Eyewitness Webpage] [|D-Day] [|Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] [|Pearl Harbor videos]

Foreign Policy in the 1930s

I. Hoover/Stimson Diplomacy Japan A. Japan alleges provocation – invades Manchuria – Japan quits League of Nations 1. Interventionist Sec. of State Stimson encourages embargo/Isolationist Hoover disagrees 2. 1932 - Stimson doctrine – US would not recognize new territorial acquisitions 3. League proves useless World War II technically begins

II. Good Neighbor Policy – economic imperialism difficult with slowing economy – alters Roosevelt Corollary A. Hoover takes troops out of some S. American nations – treat Southern neighbors more fairly

III. London Economic Conference – Summer 1933 A. American wants to stay isolated so doesn’t meet with other nations to work on ending Depression 1. Led to extreme nationalism among European countries – working together ain’t happening

IV. Disarmament A.

V. Congress Legislates Neutrality – World War I blamed on munitions makers wanting money A. Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 – America could not sell/transport to belligerents, sail on their boats, or make loans – only effects American-declared wars 1. Ended freedom of the seas – also won’t even help victims – considered belligerent 2. Some even ask for Constitutional Amendment

VI. Aggressors: Japan, Italy, and Germany – nations swept up in nationalism, militarism – dictators rule

VII. Appeasement – avoiding World War II at all costs – gives into demands of leaders A. Germany – Ignore Treaty of Versailles – Austria > Czechoslovakia – Munich Conference B. Japan invades China – Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech decried by isolationists

VII. Rearmament – cash and carry policy first – to stop Germany’s blitzkrieg (lightning fast war) A. Lend-lease – US would be arsenal of democracy – send guns, not sons – lend arms and then they can return later – led to America’s rearmament B. Destroyers for bases – give old destroyers in exchange for bases around world

VIII. Atlantic Charter – Atlantic Conference 1941 – Churchill and Roosevelt meet for first time A. Discuss how to make world safer for democracies at end of war B. People can choose own government, can take no territory without consent of people C. Looked at as non-isolationist – Roosevelt making treaties with other nations

IX. Pearl Harbor – 1940 embargo on Japan bound supplies – taking oil hurts Japan A. Broke Japanese code – knew war was coming – thought in Malaya or Philippines B. December 8, 1941declared war on Japan after “date that will live in infamy” short by one vote

**2005 Japanese Textbook Description of Pearl Harbor** In April 1941, in order to open up the deteriorating American-Japanese relationships, discussions were held in Washington DC but no progress was made. In July, Japanese army and military entered Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City today) and took over south Indochina. Saigon became a important military position for the southern push of Japan. America felt a strong sense of danger and therefore took revenge immediately by freezing all Japanese assets in the United States and banning all petroleum exports to Japan. In August, Britain and the United States held a conference on the Atlantic and issued the Atlantic agreement with respect to non-expansionism, static national boundaries, national self-determination and other strategic objectives. Meanwhile, the American-Japanese negotiations went nowhere. In November, America issued a strong demand for Japan to withdraw from China and Indochina unconditionally (the Hull memorandum). Japan regarded this was as an ultimatum and therefore decided to make war against America. **74. The Great East Asian War (the Pacific War)** On December 8, 1941, Japanese navy airplanes raided the Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) base of the United States. The American Pacific fleet was almost completely annihilated. The purpose of this action was to destroy America's main fleet and then secure sea control in the Pacific. On the same day, the Japanese army landed in Malaysia and moved towards Singapore. Japan declared war on Britain and the United States, calling this a "War of Self-Defense and Existence." The Japanese government named this war the Great East Asian War. Germany and Italy also declared war against the United States. The Second World War was fought in various places around the world between the axis nations Japan, Germany and Italy against the allied nations of America, Britain, Holland, Russia and China.
 * The Economic Blockage of Japan** In order to obtain petroleum import, Japan attempted to negotiate with Holland which occupied Indonesia at the time, but was refused. Thus, Japan was blockaded by the Americans, the British, the Chinese and the Dutch, known as the ABCD net.